A type of collection that describes, and points to features of another collection.

An intellectual process of describing objects in accordance with accepted library principles, particularly those of subject and classification order.

The capacity of one variable to influence another. The first variable may bring the second into existence or may cause the incidence of the second variable to fluctuate. RELATED TERM. Correlation

Tracks the progress of each change from submission through review, approval, implementation and closure. The log can be managed manually by using a document or spreadsheet, or it can be managed automatically with a software or Web-based tool.

To test if a file has changed over time. A checksum is a type of metadata and an important property of a data object to allow verifying identity and integrity. Also called a hash, a checksum is a randomly generated piece of data that is used to verify the fixity or stability of a digital object. It is most commonly used to detect whether some representation of digital object has changed over time. This is associated with PIDs but can be found and tested independently of PID systems.

A type of referable data that has undergone quality assessment and can be referred to as citations in publications and as part of research objects.

A large-scale distributed computing paradigm that is driven by economies of scale, in which a pool of abstracted, virtualised, dynamically- scalable, managed computing power, storage, platforms and services are delivered on demand to external customers over the Internet. 

Key elements:

• it is a specialised distributed computing paradigm; 
  
• it is massively scalable; 
  
• it can be encapsulated as an abstract entity that delivers different levels of services to customers outside the Cloud; 
  
• it is driven by economies of scale; and, 
  
• the services can be dynamically configured (via virtualisation or other approaches) and delivered on demand.
  

A file that contains the values in a table as a series of ASCII text lines organized so that each column value is separated by a comma from the next column's value and each row starts a new line.

Any computer application that requires a lot of computation, such as meteorology programs and other scientific applications.

1. Computer code, or source code: A series of computer instructions written in some human readable computer language, usually stored in a text file. Computer code should include explanatory comments. 2. Machine code: Source code is 'compiled' or 'interpreted' to produce computer executable code. 3. A code is a collection of mandatory standards, which has been codified by a governmental authority and thus become part of the law for the jurisdiction represented by that authority. Examples include the National Building Code and the National Electrical Code. SYNONYM. Code; Source code; Script

Any information obtained by a person on the understanding that they will not disclose it to others, or obtained in circumstances where it is expected that they will not disclose it. For example, the law assumes that whenever people give personal information to health professionals caring for them, it is confidential as long as it remains personally identifiable.

1. The duties and practices of people and organizations to ensure that individualsí personal information only flows from one entity to another according to legislated or otherwise broadly accepted norms and policies. 

2. In the context of of health data: Confidentiality is breached whenever personal information is communicated that is not authorized by legislation, professional obligations, or under contractual duties.

A statistical measure that indicates the extent to which two or more variables fluctuate together. Correlation does not imply causation. There may be, for example, an unknown factor that influences both variables similarly.

The activity of managing and promoting the use of data from their point of creation to ensure that they are fit for contemporary purpose and available for discovery and reuse. For dynamic datasets this may mean continuous enrichment or updating to keep them fit for purpose. Higher levels of curation will also involve links with annotation and with other published materials.