FAIR is a set of guiding principles for data management and stewardship designed by stakeholders representing interests in academia, industry, funding agencies and scholarly publishers. The FAIR principles define a set of core enabling conditions which, if fulfilled for a given set of data, would ensure that they remain accessible and re-usable over the long term.
A key element of these principles is the focus on the use of structured information and persistent identifiers to enable machine discoverability and use of the data.
The full set of principles are published in the article "The FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship". - DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2016.18