Data quality assurance (DQA) is the process of verifying the reliability and overall quality of data. 

 - CASRAI Dictionary

It is a process that should ideally be planned in advance, and integrated into your entire project workflow, from creation / sourcing of data, through processing and analysis and to storage and sharing of data.

Data quality checklists can be used to help identify potential issues with a dataset before you begin your exploratory analysis work.